NAME

ncctl — Control NFS kernel credentials

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

ncctl controls the caller's kernel Kerberos credentials for any of the specified path's associated NFS mounts. If no paths are specified then all the caller's associated credentials for all NFS file systems are acted upon by the command given.

When an NFS file system is mounted using Kerberos through the “sec=” option or by the export specified on the server, the resulting session context is stored in a table for each mount. If the user decides to finish his or her session or chooses to use a different credential, then ncctl can be called to invalidate or change those credentials in the kernel.

ncctl supports the following commands:

init, set

Set the mount or mounts to obtain credentials form the associated principal. Any current credential is unset.

destroy, unset

Unset the current credentials on the mount or mounts.

list, get

List the principal(s) set on the mount or mounts for this session. If no principal was set, then display “Default credential” followed by “[from ⟨principal name⟩]” if the access succeeded and “[kinit needed]” if not. If there has been no access to the file system then display “Credentials are not set”.

Note the second synopsis is equivalent to

ncctl [-Pv] {init | set} [-F] -p principal

The third synopsis is equivalent to

ncctl [-Pv] {destroy | unset}

And the last synopsis is equivalent to

ncctl [-Pv] {list | get}

Kerberos keeps a collection of credentials which can be seen by using

The current default credential can be seen with klist without any arguments. kswitch can be used to switch the default to a different Kerberos credential. kdestroy can be use to remove all or a particular Kerberos credential. New Kerberos credentials can be obtain and added to the collection by calling kinit and those credentials can be used when accessing the mount. See kinit(1), klist(1), kswitch(1), and kdestroy(1).

ncctl can set any principal from the associated Kerberos credentials or can destroy and unset credentials currently on the mount. When accessing a Kerberos mounted NFS file system, if no principal is set on the mount, when the kernel needs credentials it will make an up call to the gssd daemon and what ever the default credentials are available at the time will be used.

The options are as follows:

-h, --help

Print a help summary of the command and then exit.

-v, --verbose

Be verbose and show what file system is being operated on and any resulting errors.

-P, --nofollow

If the trailing component resolves to a symbolic link do not resolve the link but use the current path to determine any associate NFS file system.

-p, --principal ⟨principal⟩

For the init, set and ncinit commands set the principal to ⟨principal⟩. This option is required for theses commands. This option is not valid for other commands.

-F, --force

For the init, set and ncinit commands to not check the presence of the required principal in the Kerberos cache collection. This may be useful if Kerberos credentials will be obtain later.

WARNING: If the credential is incorrectly set it may not work and no access to the file system will ever be allowed until another set or unset operation takes place. This option is not valid for other commands.

EXAMPLES

If leaving for the day:

 $ kdestroy -A
 $ ncdestroy

Lets say a user does

 $ kinit user@FOO.COM

And through the automounter access a path /Network/Serves/someserver/Sources/foo/bar where the mount of /Network/Servers/someserver/Sources/foo was done with user@FOO.COM.

 $ cat /Network/Servers/someserver/Sources/foo/bar
 cat: /Network/Servers/someserver/Sources/foo/bar: Permission denied

The user realizes that in order to have access on the server his identity should be user2@BAR.COM. So:

 $ kinit user2@BAR.COM
 $ ncctl set -p user2@BAR.COM

Now the local user can access bar. To see your credentials

$ nclist
/Network/Servers/someserver/Sources/foo: user2@BAR.COM

If the user destroys his credentials and then acquires new ones

$ ncdestroy
$ nclist -v
/private/tmp/mp                    : No credentials are set.
/Network/Servers/xs1/release       : NFS mount is not using Kerberos.
$ kinit user
user@FOO.COM's password: ******
$ klist
Credentials cache: API:648E3003-0A6B-4BB3-8447-1D5034F98EAE
	Principal: user@FOO.COM

  Issued                Expires               Principal
Dec 15 13:57:57 2014  Dec 15 23:57:57 2014  krbtgt/FOO.COM@FOO.COM
$ ls /private/tmp/mp
filesystemui.socket=	sysdiagnose.tar.gz	x
mtrecorder/		systemstats/		z
$ nclist
/private/tmp/mp                 : Default credential [from user@FOO.COM]

NOTES

As mentioned above credentials are per session, so the console session's credential cache collection is separate for a collections of credentials obtain in an ssh session even by the same user. Kerberos will set the default credential with klist or kswitch. However, the default credential can change without the user's knowledge, because of renewals or some other script or program in the user's session is run and does a kswitch (krb5_cc_set_default_name()) or kinit on the user's behalf. kinit may not prompt for a password if the Kerberos password for the principal is in the user's keychain.

ncctl with the set command will allow a user to change the mapping of the local user identity to a different one on the server. It is up to the user to decide which identity will be used.

Previous versions of gssd daemon would attempt to select credentials if they were not set, by choosing credentials in the same realm as the server. This was imperfect and that has been removed. There may be multiple credentials in the same realm or a user may prefer a cross realm principal. It is highly recommended that after accessing a mount (typically through the automounter) that if the user has access to multiple credentials to set the credential on the mount that they want to use. The current default credential will be used by the automounter on first mount. If you do not explicitly set the credentials to use, then if the server expires the credential, the client will use the current default credential at the time of renewal and that may be a different identity.

If using mount directly a user can select what credential to use for the mount and subsequently there after (at least until a new ncctl set command is run) by using the principal=⟨principal⟩ option. It is also possible to select the realm to use with the realm=⟨realm⟩ option. The latter can be useful to administrators in automounter maps.

There is currently no way to remember what the chosen identity is for a given mount after its been unmounted. So for automounted mounts a reference it taken on the mount point so unmounts will not happen until all credentials on a mount with a set principal have been destroyed. Forced unmounts will not be effected. nclist or ncctl get can be used to see what credentials are actually being used and ncdestroy or ncctl unset can be used to destroy that session's credential. Accessing the mount after its credentials have been destroyed will cause the default credential to be used until the next ncinit or ncctl set Default credentials for an automounted NFS mount will not prevent the unmounting of the file system.

DIAGNOSTICS

The ncctl command will exit with 1 if any of the supplied paths doesn't exist or there is an error returned for any path tried. If all paths exist and no errors are returned the exit status will be 0.

SEE ALSO

kdestroy(1), kinit(1), klist(1), kswitch(1), mount_nfs(8)

BUGS

There should be an option to kdestroy to destroy cached NFS contexts.